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QGIS クイックスタート

Quantum GIS (QGIS) は視覚化、管理、編集、データ解析、印刷できる地図作製に使える ユーザフレンドリーなデスクトップ GIS クライアントです。

QGIS プロジェクトを編集する

既存の QGIS プロジェクト を開き、レイヤのオンとオフを切り替えるところから始めましょう。

  1. Geospatial ‣ Desktop GIS ‣ QGIS から QGIS を起動し、メニューバーから Project ‣ Open を選択してください。

    Open a QGIS project

  2. ファイル QGIS-NaturalEarth-Example.qgs を選択し、 Open をクリックしてください。

    • 世界地図が表示されるはずです。

  3. レイヤツリーから ne_10m_populated_places を選択してください

    • 人口の多い地域が、たくさんの緑のドットで表示されます:

      Map in QGIS

  4. Try dragging layers up and down in the legend and see how that affects visibility of the layers below.

  5. Have a look at the tools on the tool bar. Try panning, zooming in, and zooming back out to full extent again. Find these tools next to the hand icon. If the toolbars seem cluttered you can drag them around and turn them on and off by right clicking. You can also zoom in and out with the mouse wheel, and pan with a left-click drag.

    Map in QGIS

Style a layer

Now let’s try customising the style of the map.

Style setting
  1. 地図上で少しズームインし、レイヤツリーで ne_10m_rivers_lake_centerlines をダブルクリックしてください。

#. In the Layer Properties dialog on the Style tab click on the Color to select a different color, say yellow.

  1. Outline Options で異なる色(ここでは黄色)に変更してください。

  2. OK を押してください。

    • 川が選択した色で表示されます。

      Map in QGIS

新規の QGIS プロジェクトを作成する

Let’s now create a new QGIS project and load our own data.

  1. メニューから Project ‣ New を選択してください。You will be asked whether to save the previous project, you can press Close without Saving.

#. Layer ‣ Add Layer‣ Add Vector Layer... をクリック、もしくは ‘Add Vector Layer’ ボタン(V型のボタンで、画像の赤枠内のもの)をクリック。 キーボードショートカット ‘Ctrl+Shift+V’ を使用することも可能です。

Add layer

  1. データセット /home/user/data/natural_earth2/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp を選択してください。

  2. Open を押し、再度 Open を押してください。

    • 世界の国が表示されます。

      Add layer result

Connect to a PostGIS spatial database

Let’s now include a layer from a Postgres database.

  1. In the layer list on the left, untick the ne_10m_admin_0_countries visibility check box to temporarily hide it.

  2. Choose Layer ‣ Add Layers ‣ Add PostGIS Layers....

    *You can also click on the icon with the elephant head in the left panel or use the keyboard shortcut ‘Ctrl+Shift+D’

    • Both Natural Earth and OpenStreetMap Postgis databases are already available; we will be using use the Natural Earth database. If you wanted to connect to a different database, you would select the New button and fill in the database parameters.

#. Select the “Natural Earth” connection and press Connect. Then click on the Public schema to deploy it:

  • A list of database tables will appear.
Connecting to a PostGIS DB

  1. Select ne_10_populated_places and click Add.

  2. Zoom in on the United States using the mouse wheel and left-click drag to navigate.

  3. Right click on ne_10m_populated_places in the layer list to get a context menu, then select Properties.

  4. Let’s represent one of the database attributes in the data as a bubble plot. In the middle of the Style tab, drag the Transparency slider to 50%. Click on the small button at the right of the size field and select Size scale field, then choose scalerank (it’s near to the beginning of the list). Then click Ok.

  5. You can then click on the query button on the toolbar (cursor arrow with a blue “i”) and then on the map canvas bubbles to view information about the individual cities.

    Scale field map

Using the GRASS Toolbox

There have been many plugins written for QGIS which extend QGIS’s core functionality. One of the more powerful is the GRASS plugin, which taps into the hundreds of geospatial processing modules available from GRASS GIS.

  1. Clear the slate with Project ‣ New.

    Enable GRASS plugin

  2. Choose Plugins ‣ Manage and Install Plugins..., then scroll down or type grass into the Search box, and select the GRASS 7 plugin.

    • Notice that a new GRASS icon has been added to the Toolbar, a docked window named “GRASS Tools” has appeared on the right of the map area and a new GRASS menu item has been added to the Plugins menu.

  3. Connect to an existing GRASS workspace with Plugins ‣ GRASS ‣ Open mapset.

    • The GRASS GIS data base (Gisdbase) has already been set to /home/user/grassdata on the disc for you.

  4. Within the central GRASS data base are a number of sample datasets. We’ll load the North Carolina location, and the user1 mapset within it. Choose the nc_basic_spm_grass7 Location and user1 working mapset, then click Ok.

  5. To add a raster map to the QGIS layer list, navigate from QGIS Browser Panel to Home/grassdata/nc_basic_spm_grass7.

    • In the PERMANENT mapset select the elevation map and double click to add to the map.

      GRASS GIS layers loaded into QGIS

  6. Add another GRASS raster layer, this time the geology map from the PERMANENT mapset.

    • Double click on the geology map in the QGIS Layers list and in the Transparency tab set its global transparency to 70%.

  7. To add a vector map, select a vector layer from the QGIS Browser, similar to the previous steps.

    • From the PERMANENT mapset select the roadsmajor map with a double click.

  8. Change the layer order if neccessary (roadsmajor, geology, elevation).

The plugin also gives you access to many of the powerful GRASS analysis modules and visualization tools:

  1. From the top menu select Plugins ‣ GRASS ‣ Open GRASS tools and drag the edge to make the window a bit bigger.

    • A long list of analysis tools will appear. Go to the Modules Tree tab and select Region settings ‣ g.region.multiple.raster. Clicking on it will open a new tab. Select elevation from the menu list and press Run. The elevation map will now have a thin red line around it, indicating the extent of GRASS’s computational region bounds.

  2. Back in the Modules Tree tab of the GRASS Tools window, go down to Raster and select Surface Management ‣ Generate Vector contour lines.

  3. In the new module tab that pops open, select the elevation map as the input.

  4. Add some contour levels (e.g. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100)

  5. Select the output layer name (e.g. contour_lines), then click Run.

    Contour creation

Using the Processing Toolbox

A core plugin for QGIS which opens the door to a large family of processing tools is the Processing Toolbox (formerly named the SEXTANTE Toolbox). It acts as a standardized wrapper around a number of other sets to tools.

  1. Choose Processing ‣ Toolbox.

    • A new toolbar will open on the right side of the screen with many processing tools to choose from. Take some time and have a look around.
    Processing Toolbox
    • You may need to enable a Processing provider in order to use it. The following screenshot shows how to enable GRASS GIS 7 support in the processing tools. Be sure to disable GRASS support (i.e., GRASS 6). Additionally, switch to the “Advanced Interface” (see lower right corner in the screenshot) in order to see the providers:
    Enabling the GRASS GIS 7 provider in the Processing settings.

Importing OpenStreetMap data

  1. Open the LX Terminal Emulator from the main Accessories menu.

    • Cut and paste the following commands into the Terminal window to create a working copy of the OSM data in the home directory:

      cp data/osm/feature_city_CBD.osm.bz2 .
bzip2 -d feature_city_CBD.osm.bz2

  2. In QGIS, choose Project ‣ New. If you had the Processing Toolbox open you might want to close it.

    The OpenStreetMap plugin

  3. Choose Vector ‣ OpenStreetMap ‣ Import topology from XML.

  4. Click on the ”...” button next to “Input XML file (.osm)” and select the feature_city.osm file you just copied into the home directory. The “Output SpatialLite DB file” name will be automatically set. Click Ok to convert the dataset to SpatiaLite format and create a connection to the SpatialLite DB within QGIS.

  5. Next we need to extract points, lines, and areas, then add topology to each of these three new layers. To do this we need to run the tool three times. Select Vector ‣ OpenStreetMap ‣ Export toplogy to SpatiaLite and use the ”...” button to select the newly created feature_city.osm.db file. The Output layer name will be automatically filled in for you depending on the Export type selected. Click the Load from DB button to load in the available tags. For the “points” layer tick the amentity box; for the “polylines” layer tick the highway layer; and for the “polygon” layer select the building layer. You may wish to change the Output layer name to reflect the feature tags that you’ve selected. When you are ready, press Ok to load in the layer. You will need to again press the Load from DB button after changing the export type from points to polylines, and polylines to polygons.

  6. Once topology is loaded, you can also refine the SpatiaLite layer by querying just certain features from within it. Select Layer ‣ Add Layer ‣ Add SpatiaLite Layer... from the menu and from the Databases list select feature_city@... and then click on Connect. Double click on the feature_city_polylines table and then double click on “highway” to start building your SQL query. Then click on the = button, then the All button, and double click on motorway from the Values list. Click the Test button to verify the result, and finally click on Ok. Back in the Add SpatiaLite Table window click Add to restrict the rendering to just major highways. You can repeat this process with new layers to render different road types with different widths and styles.

    The OpenStreetMap add layer

  7. You can now explore this rich dataset. Use the i information cursor button in the QGIS toolbar to query individal map features.

Things to Try

  • Try viewing data sources with the QGIS Data Browser in the Geospatial ‣ Databases menu
  • Try publishing your QGIS map to the web using QGIS Map Server in the Geospatial ‣ Web Services menu.

参照情報

より進んだ QGIS のチュートリアルを OSGeo-Live QGIS tutorials に集めてあります。

To learn more about QGIS, a good starting point is the Documentation page on the QGIS homepage and A Gentle Introduction to GIS eBook.

The QGIS User Guide [1] is also included on the OSGeo-Live disc.